Every piece of information in a computer has its own unique 'home address' number. This helps the computer find exactly where data is located.

Computer Memory Addresses

A pointer is like a sticky note that has a specific address written on it. It doesn't hold the actual data, but it tells you exactly where to find it.

Pointers as Address Notes

This is the act of using the address on your note to go and see the actual information stored there. It is like using a street address to visit a specific house.

Following the Map

A reference is like a nickname for a piece of information. You are talking about the exact same original item, just using a different name to reach it.

References as Data Nicknames

By sharing an address, you allow others to change the original information directly. This is useful when multiple parts of a program need to see the same live updates.

Sharing the Original Item

Sometimes you give someone a copy of your data instead of the address. Any changes they make to their copy will not affect your original version.

Sending a Data Photocopy

An 'empty' or 'null' pointer is a note that currently has no address written on it. It tells the computer that there is no valid location to visit right now.

The Empty Address Note

Pointers are flexible because you can erase the old address and write down a new one. This allows one pointer to point to different items at different times.

Switching Address Directions

If data is stored in a row, you can find the next item by adding to the address. This is like walking to the next apartment in the same hallway.

Moving Between Nearby Data

Pointers help you manage memory that you 'rent' while the program is running. You must remember to 'return the keys' when you are done so the space can be reused.

Renting Temporary Storage Space

Using an address that no longer exists can cause the computer to get confused or crash. It is important to keep your address notes accurate and up to date.

What is a Reference?